閱讀障礙的認知神經科學研究經過幾十年的發展積累了豐富的研究成果，深化了我們對閱讀障礙的神經生物學基礎的理解。同時，基於閱讀障礙者與正常人之間腦功能和腦結構的差異開展的閱讀障礙的診斷、幹預和預測的研究也取得了令人興奮的成果，表現出良好的前景。鑒於這一問題對於腦科學與教育相結合的重大價值，相信未來會有更多研究探討這一領域。
同時，新的腦科學研究方法、腦科學與其他學科之間的交叉與融合，也將為這一領域帶來新的突破性的發展。例如，圖論研究方法在腦科學中的應用將使我們能夠從全腦複雜網絡連接的角度理解閱讀障礙的神經基礎，目前已經有研究進行了這方麵的探索（Finn，Shen et al.，2013），未來會有更多的研究湧現。再如，分子遺傳學的研究已經發現了多個與閱讀障礙相關的基因，在拚音文字閱讀障礙（Gayán，Smith et al.，1999；Taipale，Kaminen et al.，2003；Hornickel & Kraus，2013；Mascheretti，Riva et al.，2014；Norton，Beach et al.，2015）以及漢語閱讀障礙（Su et al.，2015；Wang et al.，2014；Zhang et al.，2012）中均有發現。這些分子遺傳學研究將為閱讀障礙的診斷提供基因層麵的指標。分子遺傳學與影像學的結合已經形成一門新的學科遺傳影像學（imaging genetics），運用該學科的研究方法將能夠揭示閱讀障礙的遺傳特征與腦影像特征之間的聯係，幫助我們更深入地理解閱讀障礙，更準確、有效地開展閱讀障礙的診斷、幹預與預測。
摘要 Abstract
Non-invasive neuroimaging techniques provide unprecedented approaches for investigating neural mechanism of dyslexia in recent decades.A large amount of neuroimaging studies reported that dyslexics showed both structural and functional abnormalities in several specific brain regions as well as in their connectivity.Alphabetic dyslexics were mainly impaired in the occipital-parietal and occipital-temporal regions.Unlike alphabetic dyslexics, Chinese dyslexics exhibited structural or functional abnormalities mainly in the left middle frontal gyrus,intraparietal sulcus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex and right lingual gyrus, suggesting a cultural effect on the neural mechanism of dyslexia.Recently researchers started to investigate the possibility of diagnosing, intervening and predicting dyslexia based on the neuroimaging data.Preliminary results indicated that besides behavioral data, neuroimaging data can provide extra contribution to the diagnosis, intervention and prediction of dyslexia, with a relatively good accuracy and stability.These studies highlight the promising prospect of integrating neuroscience and education in the future, and may provide new idea and methodology for the educational intervention of dyslexia.
Keywords
neural mechanism, diagnosis, intervention, prediction, brain-based education
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[1] 北京師範大學認知神經科學與學習國家重點實驗室
[2] 北京師範大學認知神經科學與學習國家重點實驗室
[3] 北京師範大學認知神經科學與學習國家重點實驗室