中文與拚音文字在字形以及形音對應方麵存在著差異，相應地，長期的閱讀經驗將塑造出不同的腦網絡來支持不同文字的有效閱讀。由於中文在字形方麵的複雜性，中文閱讀除了激活同樣參與英文閱讀的左側梭狀回外，還往往激活右側梭狀回以及雙側的頂上小葉以及枕中回進行字形分析。此外，由於形音對應方麵的差異，英文閱讀時語音加工將隨著字形加工而展開，這種瀑布式式的加工與左側顳上回後部的激活有關，而中文的語音加工則需要字形分析進行到一定程度才開始，是一種閾限式的加工，加上中文存在大量同音字的現象，左側額中回在整合語音和字形並確定最終目標字詞方麵具有重要作用。盡管不同文字的閱讀腦機製存在差異，左側梭狀回在字形分析中的重要性以及左側頂下小葉在形音匹配中的重要性在不同文字的閱讀中具有普遍性。在閱讀第二語言的文字時，英中雙語者更多地發展出適應中文特征的閱讀網絡，而中英雙語者則表現出更多的同化。
摘要 Abstract
Reading network is shaped by reading experience.Given the differences across languages and writings, different reading networks are developed for the reading of different languages.For Chinese and Alphabetic languages (especially English), the differences in visual orthography and orthography-phonology mapping lead to divergence in reading networks: compared to English, the reading of Chinese requires more visual orthography analysis, accordingly, involves right fusiform gyrus and bilateral middle occipital gyri additionally.In English reading, the phonological processing and orthographical processing occur simultaneously, and such cascade-style processing is related to activation in left posterior superior temporal gyrus.The processing of phonology in Chinese is threshold-style, and there are a large amount of homophones, the engagement of left middle frontal gyrus in finalizing the target characters through lexical integration and selection is especially important.However, some brain regions play a universal role across languages, such as left fusiform gyrus in visual word form analysis and left inferior parietal lobe in orthography-phonology mapping.Evidence from native speakers and bilinguals support these arguments.
Keywords
Chinese, English, cross-language comparison, reading network
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[1] 美國匹茲堡大學(Trident University of Pittsburgh)
[2] 美國匹茲堡大學(Trident University of Pittsburgh)